Biography of Charles Darwin

Biography of Charles DarwinCharles Darwin and Anthropological Criminology AbstractThis paper highlights Charles Darwins smell and the leading to his thought of the Evolutionary theory and how through his theory came multiple others that taught us some poisonouss and the softenicular archetype that is considered criminal by their looks as nearly as their personalities. On February 12, 1809, Charles Darwin was born.He was born in the west of England in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. His motherSusannah died when he was eight. His father, Robert, was a wealthy doctor. He wentto the University of Edinburg to study medicine and and so(prenominal) went to Cambridge. Hewas taught how to stuff birds and studied theology. He even thought aboutbecoming a clergyman. During his study of theology, he began to collect beetlesand become interested in entomology. Darwin joined the crew of the H.M.S. Beagle as an unpaid assistant to the captain. This gave him an opportunity to study many species in S outh America. This journey lasted a total of five years. He studied oysters at the Cape Verde Islands, the tropical rain forests in modern-day Salvador, saw slave maltreatment in Brazil, and climbed the mountains in Chile. They also visited Peru, the Galapagos Islands, New Zealand, and genus Cocos Islands. John Gould gave a speech at a Zoological Society meeting. He said that all finches are categorized the same, but have able differently. This idea fueled Darwins theory of natural selection and evolution. He was also influenced by Thomas Malthus. This influenced the idea of survival of the fittest which he alluded too, but neer actually wrote. Eventually, he collected all his thoughts into his track record on the On the Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life. This book caused major(ip) protest. They were saying he was going against the Bible. The readers took one of his quotes and interpreted it differen tly. They blamed him for saying man evolved from apes. This statement directly goes against the Bible.Darwin was an influential part of the Enlightenment time period. The Enlightenment was a time of drastic change of politics, philosophy, science, and communication in the West. The people began to question the traditional ideas of the church. Richard Owen furthered the protest by condemning the book. Ernst Haeckel later brought the idea to Germany. Germany is where the idea of Social Darwinism began. Social Darwinism was an intellectual and social movement. It used Darwins ideas to explain the existing social order of society. This was a major influence in racial discrimination. This also changed the way of thinking. Before Darwin, the main belief was in God and the church. Now, many people began to question the church and strike experiments as did Darwin. They looked at his idea of evolution. They saw that some species interminably adapted to survive while the others who didnt b ecame extinct. This new idea was entirely different then everything coming from God. At first, many theologians accepted his idea. The theologian said God created the world in six days and for the world to continue it must continuously grow. One theologian disagreed and said that Darwinism went against God. He said natural selection proposed threat to true divine teachings. Darwin never mentioned God. Therefore, his theories go against the Bible. They believe Darwin was trying to tote a wedge amongst religion and science. The Church condemned this book. The Churches leaders said it will lead you to atheism and immorality. Many creationists fought for equality between evolutionary science, Darwins theory, and creation science. Schools began to teach the evolutionary science. Creationists didnt like this fact and to fight against it. They started to question many different parts of curriculum taught in biology. These antievolutionists would do anything to against Darwin. They creat ed an capable design. This was made up of two principles. First, within the natural world, and particularly within human beings, there are complex operations that can non be explained through haphazard adaptation or mutation. Second is the claim that if human beings found such complexity in other areas of human life, they would attribute it to a designer. (Evolution and Religion) This proposal of bright design failed in court just as did scientific creationism. Darwinism didnt just effect people and their faith. Degeneration was a major effect from his book. excerption of the fittest was interpreted completely differently than how he had written it. He had written it as more individualistic. He looked at human instincts, sympathies, and moral sentiments. He talked about social progress without the influence of the environment. People read this and took it to the next level. This idea caused people to believe their society was more evolved then the next. They began to cause compe tition between other nations.Nations continued to modernize and grow. They started to colonize since they believed the weaker nations could turn a profit. The idea of survival of the fittest was a major factor in the race to overseas colonies. The more colonies they obtained the more respectable and strongest nation they were. They were also helping out the lower ethnicities in modernizing and becoming stronger. Nations began to exclude and classify people. Many disabled people also effected greatly. They were instantly viewed a weak. They were now no longer as accepted as everyone else. A disabled person was no looked down upon and not treated as an equal. Some scientists even began to discard Darwinstheories due to the fact it caused racism and classism. They began to believeit wasnt anything scientific at all. It was just another mere political orientation thatwent against the Churchs teachings.Darwins theory also caused many governments to begin to switch to a laissez-faire economy. The idea of the government allowing the economy to evolve, grow, and adapt on its own was influenced by Social Darwinism. The economy will adjust on its own. The government does not need to help the poor. They are weak and should not benefit from society. They should die out and the fittest part of the population will survive. Government cutting back control allowed more of a cutthroat economy. Many people were will to do whatever it takes to get ahead. This caused some chaos and harmful situations in the economy. Darwins ideas caused a lot of domino effects. He wrote his book about finches and terminate up causing racism and classism. His idea of natural selection caused major issues with the Church. Evolution allowed many different scientists to try new experiments. Nations began to grow and stir up nationalism and colonization. Many colonies grew and were modernized. New classes in society were created. New government tactics were used. Darwin had just as many supports as he did rejecting him. Darwins book stirred up many different ideas and viewpoints that changed society as a whole forever.Upon his death, a new theory came into play and many people began to do it. These people called themselves Darwinists and they believed that human beings were occasionally reverted, both physically and mentally to a pre human stage of development. This person was referred to as an atavistic criminal type. The focus on this certain archetype was to identify the type of criminal who should be put into prison permanently in order to protect society, even if that particular abhorrence committed was a minor offense. On the other side, if someone who was not anatavistic type, it was considered to be a mistake, and therefore, imprisonmentwould serve no purpose to the non-atavistic person. Darwinian criminologistshad the belief that the punishment must fit the criminal and not the crime. Atthe time, criminologists all agreed on this theory to explain criminals andcr ime and as a result, public opinion and official policy makers interest peaked.The criminal physical type is still a part of our world today even though thetheory of atavists as a causative factor in criminals has ceased to exist. Darwin had a huge impact on the theory of anthropological criminology also referred to as criminal anthropology, which is a combination of the study of humans and criminals. His evolutionary theory shapes the world we live in today and explains the evolution of criminals thought processes as well as all the theories covered in criminology. Social Darwinism explains how characteristics which are observable were inheritable and explains how a trait may appear in one generation and not the next. The theory, brought out by Cesare Lombrosostarted with the experimentation of performing autopsies on criminals anddeclaring he had found similarities between physiologies of their bodies. Hethought that criminals were born with inferior detectible physiologicaldiffer ences. They involved pull away foreheads, similar height, and shape andsize. He outlined fourteen characteristics that were similar amongst thesepeople. Some of the features were that they were unusually tall or short, smallhead, large face, thin upper lips, bumps on the head, tattoos, bushy eyebrows,large eye sockets, among other characteristics. The term criminal anthropologywas coined by Lombroso. His main purpose was to locate the crime within theperson and remove it completely from their surroundings. He is known as thefounder of the Positivist school of criminology, one of the many criminologicaltheories. It is a field of offender profiling, which is still used today, establishon the perceived links between a crimes nature and the personality orappearance of the offender. The term criminal anthropology was coined by Lombrosoin the late 19th Century.All these advancements in criminology all stem from Charles Darwin, father of the evolutionary theory. He is the reason for all t he criminological theories, as well as the notoriety of Cesare Lombroso. If it werent for his evolutionary theory, the advancements we have in criminal profiling, and theories like the Classical theory and Broken Windows theory would not be here today. Charles Darwin play a huge part in the creation of criminology and continues to do so. If it werent for Darwin, we would not be as advanced as we are today in the criminal justice system. ReferencesCornfield, Justin.Darwin, Charles. Encyclopedia of World annals, Vol. 4. New YorkFacts on File, 2013. History Research Center. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. http//online.infobase.com/Article/Details/245437?q=CharlesDarwinQueen, Edward L., andGardiner H. Shattuck. Evolution and Religion. Encyclopedia of American unearthly History, Third Edition, 3-Volume Set. New York Facts on File,2009. History Research Center. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. http//online.infobase.com/Article/Details/194376?q=DarwinismimpactStoskopf, Alan. SocialDarwinism. Encyclopedia of America n Disability History, 3-Volume Set. NewYork Facts on File, 2011. History Research Center. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. http//online.infobase.com/Article/Details/209404?q=SocialDarwinism