Thursday, March 14, 2019
Policy Tools
Command and control economy as defined by Michael Raegan(1987) is a process or activity in which government activity requires or prescribes certain activities or behavior on the part of individuals or institutions, largely private but sometimes public, and does so through a move administrative process, generally through specially designated regulatory agencies.There is a storey of command and control polity as a form _or_ system of government means of the government in Trinidad and Tobago as evidenced by its placement in 2013 and 2014 budget in relation to the gaming ndustry. The gaming labor in Trinidad and Tobago is an illegal one, which operates without government law. As stated in the 2013 budget adopt care Howai Mr. Speaker we intend to bring the gaming perseverance under more(prenominal) effectual control and capture more amply the revenue that go off accrue to the Treasury. The Gaming Industry offers a legitimate form of amusement if it is properly regulated. It was proposed that effective May 2013 a series of regulations would be ready into place to manage the industry until the omnibus(prenominal) framework and control soundbox was established. In the 2014 budget Minister Howai acknowledged that previous stated policy had not been fully implemented but that vital steps were underway, which include extensive consultations with various stakeholder bodies. According to Finance Minister, the Honorable Larry Howai, a comprehensive governance structure for the industry was developed over the last year.It get out entail the establishment of a Regulatory Commission with the power to clear premises, operators, suppliers and key employees. The new legislation bequeath control the operations of what will be referred to as registered casinos. The primary advantage of command and control regulation towards the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that being an illegal practice (aside from consortium betting halls), government has the l egislative upper hand to determine what is to be regulated and how.Mitnick (1980) explains that a government need not know in advance its subjects preferences as in the case of voluntary peckers and little culture is needed to establish the regulation as a result. Government do-nothing simply establish a standard and expect compliance (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) do it a highly cost and time efficient tool. Secondly regulation in itself allows for better co-ordination of government efforts and planning because of the predictability it entails (Howlett and Ramesh 2009).This is tied to the directness and specificity of the nature of command and control regulation. This predictability and directness of the regulation makes it easier and more suitable of an instrument in times of crisis or when an quick response is needed, as mention by the Minister that the gaming industry is substantial and growing industry with the high prevalence to criminal activity and social ills thus immedia te action involve to be aken to arrest the issue before it spirals, temporary hookup reaping the benefits of increasing revenue at the same time.Command and control regulation is in addition more cost efficient than other instruments as well as publicly and politically appealing governments part (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) Although command and control regulation is cost effective especially when compared to other instruments it is still quite costly, as the cost of enforcement by regulatory bodies may be high due to further costs of information, investigation and prosecution which make the policy legalistic and adversarial(Hahn and posterior 1991).Another issue with command and control in the context of the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that the very nature of the industry is problematic. Private members clubs, slot machines and so on which constitute the industry are all illegal activities that have been allowed to thrive without regulation, thus the administration of the regulatory framework is problematic as it needs to gain legitimacy and acceptance by an illegitimate structure.There has to be extreme co-operation on the part of all members of the gaming industry in parliamentary procedure for regulation to be effective and adhered to. Dyerson and Mueller (1993) also state that regulation is often inflexible and does not offer consideration for individual circumstances, thus a one size fits all regulation of casinos, private members clubs etc does not take into account the size and profitability or extent of gambling pickings place.This may lead to incompliance with the regulatory structure and undermining of the very framework government is trying to cement. A mixed approach to regulation could be used, a good example of which is self regulation, which would be more cost effective as government would not ave to foot the cost of creation, administration and diversity of standards (Howlett and Ramesh).However there is a tossup as to how effective and favorable utility(a) methods really are when one considers the social costs of ineffective or inefficient administration of voluntary standards, especially those related to non-compliance (Gibson 1994 and Karamanos 2001) The overall advantage of this policy tool cannot be fully assessed as it has not been fully implemented and remains largely at the drawing board. This perhaps is a sign of its ineffectiveness and inability to meet the goals of the government.
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