Physical therapy intervention with a stroke patient Essay

The clinical manifestations of neurologic sickness are as varied as the disease processes themselves. Symptoms locoweed be subtle or intense, fluctuating or permanent, an touch or devastating. First clinical manifestation is Pain, it is considered an unpleasant sensory intuition and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue handicap or described in terms of such(prenominal) damage. Pain is and so considered multidimensional and entirely subjective.Seizures are the result of abnormal paroxysmal discharges in the cerebral cortex, which then manifest as an alteration in sensation, behavior, movement, perception, or consciousness. The alteration may be short, as in a clean stare lasting only a second, or of longer duration, such as tonic- clonic grand mal seizure that can last some(prenominal) minutes. Dizziness, an abnormal sensation of im match or movement. It is fairly common in the elderly and one of the most common complaints encountered by health profe ssionals. opthalmic Disturbances, visual defects that cause people to seek health care can range from the decreased visual acuity associated with aging to sudden blindness. Weakness, specifically muscle weakness is a common manifestation of CVA. Weakness much co exists with other symptoms of disease and can affect a modification of muscles, causing a wide range of disability. Weakness can be sudden and permanent, a sin stroke, or progressive, as in some neuromuscular diseases. Abnormal sensation, numbness, abnormal sensation, or loss of sensation is a manifestation of cerebrovascular accident. Altered sensation can affect elflike or large areas of the body. It is frequently associated with weakness or pain and is potentially disabling. Both numbness and weakness can significantly affect balance and coordination. Assessment of cortical get integration is carried out by inquire the long-suffering to perform a skilled act like inquire a patient to throw a ball, move a chair. fo rtunate performance requires the ability to understand the activity desired and normal motor strength. Failure signals cerebral dysfunction. Examining the Motor System, a thorough examination of the motor system includes an assessment of the muscle size, tone and strength, coordination, and balance. The patient is instructed to walk crossways the room while the examiner observes posture and gait. The muscles are inspected, and palpated if necessary, for their size and symmetry. confrontation and Abnormalities are documented after. Assessing the patients ability to flex or extend the extremities against resistance test muscle strength. Once the ramification is straightened, it is exceedingly difficult for the examiner to flex the knee.Conversely, if the knee of the patient is flexed and is asked to straighten the leg against resistance, a more subtle disability can be elicited. For example, the counterbalance upper extremity is compared to the left upper extremity. In this way, subtle differences in muscle strength can be more easily notice and accurately described. Coordination in the hands and upper extremities is tested by having the patient perform rapid, alternating movements and point-to-point testing. First the patient is instructed to pat his or her second joint as fast as possible with each hand separately. and so the patient is instructed to alternately pronate and supinate the hand as apace as possible. The n lastly, the patient is asked to touch each of the fingers with the thumb in a consecutive motion.Speed, symmetry, and degree of difficulty are noted. Coordination in the pull down extremities is tested by having the patient run the heel down the precedent surface of the tibia of the other leg. Each leg is tested in turn. The motor reflexes are involuntary contractions of muscles or muscle groups in result to abrupt stretching near the site of the muscles insertion.The brawniness is struck directly with a reflex hammer or indirectly by striking the examiners thumb, which is placed firmly against the muscle. examination these reflexes enables the examiner to assess involuntary reflex arcs that depend on the front end of afferent stretch receptors, spinal synapses, efferent motor fibers, and a diversity of modifying influences from higher levels. Common reflexes that maybe tested include the deep tendon reflexes like biceps, brachioradialis, triceps, patellar, and ankle reflexes and superficial or cutaneous reflexes like abdominal reflexes and plantar or Babinski response.ReferencesBrunner, K., Suddarith, L. (2003) Medical- Surgical Nursing. J. G. Ferguson Publishing Company.