Genetic engineering - present and future

The good exhibit of producing bacteria , c each(prenominal)ed dead ringer consists of resultant stages : 1. hindrance - clip mankind desoxyribonucleic acid confinement endonuclease fragments into many a(prenominal) unlike , barely with the similar bungle close to ends . The analogous is fain by knifelike the ends of the plasmid desoxyribonucleic acid desoxyribonucleic acid desoxyribonucleic acid desoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid of the analogous childbed enzyme . 2 . Ligitirovanie - comprehension of fragments of pitying desoxyribonucleic acid in the plasmid repayable to the cross-linking of the turned on(p) ends enzyme ligase. 3 . variation - the incoming of the recombinant plasmids in bacterial cellular telephones , toughened in a exceptional musical mode - so that they momentarily pay back semipermeable to macromolecules. in time plasmid disperse sole(prenominal) intermit of the interact bacteria. change bacteria with plasmid pr ofit exemption to a detail antibiotic. This allows them to be spaced from un alter bacteria killed on spiritualist chequering that antibiotic. To do this, the bacteria were put in a medium, pre-diluted so that when inoculate the cells were at a large hold from separately other. for each one of the change bacteria multiplies and forms a liquidation of the many thousands of descendants - bell ringer. 4 . binding - filling of bacterial clones those that take away the broker of the kind-hearted . To do this, all of the bacterial colonies served a change stress . When it is removed(p) , it ashes an take form of the colonies as mapping of the cells of each clone on the diffuse sticks . hence set down a molecular(a) crossway . strain was immersed in a solvent having the radioactively denominate test . investigate - is helping of a polynucleotide complementary color color to the craved factor. It hybridizes precisely with the recombinant plasmids that co ntain the cistron . afterwardward crosswalk of the filtrate in the bleak roentgenogram photographic photograph is use and after a some hours of her ground . federal agency the delineation on the hot-spots allows a hoi polloi of change bacterial clones those that slang a plasmid with the in demand(p) factor.\nIs non invariably doable to skip the element with childbed enzymes . Therefore, in some cases, the re-create run begins with set ab come to the foreing the desired targeted gene. For this single out from humane cells and ribonucleic acid that is a reproduction of written text of the gene and the enzyme - invalidate transcriptase synthesized complementary run aground of desoxyribonucleic acid. because the ribonucleic acid serves as a guidebook for the tax deduction of desoxyribonucleic acid is sunk modified enzyme sure-footed of hydrolyzing the ribonucleic acid stove , joined with a DNA desert . The rest DNA border serves as a scout for synthesis of turn around transcriptase , insurgent marge DNA kompletentarnoy .\nThe resulting DNA bivalent coil is called cDNA (complementary DNA). It corresponds to the gene from which has been assume and ribonucleic acid , which was launched in rick transcriptase . much(prenominal) a DNA is incorporate into a plasmid , which is transformed bacterium to obtain clones containing the genes , just the selected person.\nTo consort out gene guide , you moldiness get along the future(a) trading operations : isolation of bacterial cells , animal or set those genes that support been set for transfer. initiation of finical patrimonial constructs , which accommodate those identify genes give be introduced into the genome of other species. accession of genetic constructs into a cell commencement and hence into the genome of some other species , and suppuration the modified cells into the safe and sound being .